Mark Twain is attributed with first saying "Whiskey's for drinking, water's for fighting over." However, it's hard to say who said something first over a hundred years ago, and it doesn't appear in any of his writings.
It is still true in fact, one of the simple truisms of nature that touches almost every single human conflict, although sometimes not so obviously.
It's certainly the case in the Nile basin. There's no real fight going on, at least on the surface. There are harsh words, though. Egypt has stated that it would consider upstream Nile countries drawing more water than set forth in a colonial era treaty as an act of war.
After Anwar Sadat signed the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty in 1979, the Egyptian president said, "The only matter that could take Egypt to war again is water."
It's not quite war yet, but certainly a war of words. A new agreement signed by Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda was generally greeted by Egyptian press as a "death sentence" for Egypt.
Egypt uses most of the Nile water, but contributes nothing to the watershed. Ethiopia by most estimates contributes the most, 85% being the number generally stated.
Even Israel is rumored to be connected with this issue with some reports claiming that Israel is trying to purchase water from Nile source countries.
The issue of Israel amongst this all is fascinating. For decades Ethiopia has been trying to finance water projects to draw more water from the Nile with only limited success. This is something that should have been a no brainer. Ethiopia has water, Ethiopia has famine, therefore it needs to use the water. Has Egypt been using its clout as one of the only Arab countries to recognize Israel to stop financing of water projects?
It is an interesting question, one that Christian Zionists should consider since drought and famine has been endemic to Ethiopia at the same time it has plenty of water to draw from the Nile River in Western Ethiopia. Has a maniacal, unquestioning support for Israel resulted in the starvation of people in a majority Christian country? How many Christian Zionist preachers bring this up when talking about how God wants Jews in Israel?
The politics of foreign intervention is an ugly business littered unintended consequences.
